AYATOLLAH ABUL QASIM AL KHOI
1. It is necessary for a Muslim to believe in the
fundamentals of faith with his own insight and understanding; (He cannot follow
anyone in this respect i.e. he cannot accept the word of another who knows,
simply because he has said it). However, one who has faith in the true tenets
of Islam, and manifests it by his deeds, is a Muslim and Mo'min, even if he is
not very profound, and the laws related to a Muslim will hold good for him. In
matters of religious laws, apart from the ones clearly defined, or ones which
are indisputable, the three options that a person have are:
- Be a Mujtahid (jurist) himself,
and in the given matter decide on the basis of Daleel (Proofs) what is the
religious order
- or he should follow one Mujtahid, i.e. he should act
according to the verdicts (Fatwa) of the Mujtahid;
- or if he is neither a Mujtahid
nor a follower (Muqallid), he should act on such precaution which should
assure him that he has fulfilled his religious obligation. For example, if
some Mujtahids consider an act to be haraam, while others say that it is
not, he should not perform that act. Similarly, if some Mujtahid consider
an act to be obligatory (Wajib) while others consider it to be recommended
(Mustahab), he should perform it. Therefore, it is obligatory upon those
persons who are neither Mujta hids, nor able to act on precautionary
measures (Ihtiyat), to follow a Mujtahid.P
2.
Taqlid in religious laws means acting according to the verdict of a Mujtahid.
It is necessary for the Mujtahid who is followed, to be male, Shi'ah Ithna
Ash'ari, adult, sane, of legitimate birth, living and just ('Adil). A person is
said to be just whe n he performs all those acts which are obligatory upon him,
and refrains from all those things which are forbidden to him. And the sign of
being just is that one is apparently of a good character, so that if enquiries
are made about him from the people of his locality, or from his neighbours, or
from those persons with whom he lives, they would confirm his good conduct. And
if one knows that the verdicts of the Mujtahids differ with regard to the
problems which we face in every day life, it is necessary t hat the Mujtahid
who is followed be A'lam (the most learned), who is more capable of
understanding the divine laws than any of the contemporary Mujtahids.
AYATOLLAH SYED ALI SISTAANI
1. * It is necessary for a Muslim to believe in the
fundamentals of faith with his own insight and understanding, and he cannot
follow anyone in this respect i.e. he cannot accept the word of another who
knows, simply because he has said it. However, one who has faith in the true
tenets of Islam, and manifests it by his deeds, is a Muslim and Mo'min, even if
he is not very profound, and the laws related to a Muslim will hold good for
him. In matters of religious laws, apart from the ones clearly defined, or ones
which are indisputable, a person must:
- either be a Mujtahid (jurist)**
himself, capable of inferring and deducing from the religious sources and
evidence;
- or if he is not a Mujtahid
himself, he should follow one, i.e. he should act accordi ng to the
verdicts (Fatwa) of the Mujtahid;
- or if he is neither a Mujtahid
nor a follower (Muqallid), he should act on such precaution which should
assure him that he has fulfilled his religious obligation. For example, if
some Mujtahids consider an act to be haraam, while others say that it is
not, he should not perform that act. Similarly, if some Mujtahid consider
an act to be obligatory (Wajib) while others consider it to be recommended
(Mustahab), he should perform it. Therefore, it is obligatory upon those
persons who are neither Mujta hids, nor able to act on precautionary
measures (Ihtiyat), to follow a Mujtahid.P
**
Mujtahid is a jurist competent enough to deduce precise inferences regarding
the commandments from the holy Qur'an and the Sunnah of the holy Prophet by the
process of Ijtihad. Ijtihad literally means striving and exerting. Technically
as a term of juri sprudence it signifies the application by a jurist of all his
faculties to the consideration of the authorities of law with a view to finding
out what in all probability is the law. In other words Ijtihad means making
deductions in matters of law, in the cases to which no express text is
applicable. (See, Baqir Sadr, A Short History of 'llmul Usul, ISP, 1984).
2.
Taqlid in religious laws means acting according to the verdict of a Mujtahid.
It is necessary for the Mujtahid who is followed, to be male, Shi'ah Ithna
Ash'ari, adult, sane, of legitimate birth, living and just ('Adil). A person is
said to be just whe n he performs all those acts which are obligatory upon him,
and refrains from all those things which are forbidden to him. And the sign of
being just is that one is apparently of a good character, so that if enquiries
are made about him from the people of his locality, or from his neighbours, or
from those persons with whom he lives, they would confirm his good conduct. And
if one knows that the verdicts of the Mujtahids differ with regard to the
problems which we face in every day life, it is necessary t hat the Mujtahid
who is followed be A'lam (the most learned), who is more capable of
understanding the divine laws than any of the contemporary Mujtahids.
AYATOLLAH SYED MOHAMMED RAZA MOOSVI
GULPAYEGAN
1. It is necessary for a Muslim to believe in
the fundamentals of faith with his own insight and understanding, Because he
cannot follow anyone in this respect ( i.e. he cannot accept the word of
another who says without Proofs.). In matters of religious laws, apart from the
ones clearly defined, or ones which are indisputable, a person must:
- either be a Mujtahid (jurist)
himself, capable of inferring and deducing from the religious sources and
evidence;
- or if he is not a Mujtahid himself, he should follow
one, i.e. he should act according to the verdicts (Fatwa) of the Mujtahid;
- or if he is neither a Mujtahid
nor a follower (Muqallid), he should act on such precaution which should
assure him that he has fulfilled his religious obligation. For example, if
some Mujtahids consider an act to be haraam, while others say that it is
not, he should not perform that act. Similarly, if some Mujtahid consider
an act to be obligatory (Wajib) while others consider it to be recommended
(Mustahab), he should perform it. Therefore, it is obligatory upon those
persons who are neither Mujta hids, nor able to act on precautionary
measures (Ihtiyat), to follow a Mujtahid.
2.
Taqlid in religious laws means acting according to the verdict of a Mujtahid.
It is necessary for the Mujtahid who is followed, to be male, Shi'ah Ithna
Ash'ari, adult, sane, of legitimate birth, living and just ('Adil). A person is
said to be just whe n he performs all those acts which are obligatory upon him,
and refrains from all those things which are forbidden to him. And the sign of
being just is that one is apparently of a good character, so that if enquiries
are made about him from the people of his locality, or from his neighbours, or
from those persons with whom he lives, they would confirm his good conduct. And
if one knows that the verdicts of the Mujtahids differ with regard to the
problems which we face in every day life, it is necessary t hat the Mujtahid
who is followed be A'lam (the most learned), who is more capable of
understanding the divine laws than any of the contemporary Mujtahids.
IMAM KHOMEINI
1. It is necessary for a Muslim to believe in
the fundamentals of faith, And in matters of not so important religious laws**,
a person must:
- either be a Mujtahid (jurist) himself, capable of
inferring and deducing from the religious sources and evidence;
- or if he is not a Mujtahid himself, he should follow
one, i.e. he should act according to the verdicts (Fatwa) of the Mujtahid;
- or if he is neither a Mujtahid
nor a follower (Muqallid), he should act on such precaution which should
assure him that he has fulfilled his religious obligation. For example, if
some Mujtahids consider an act to be haraam, while others say that it is
not, he should not perform that act. Similarly, if some Mujtahid consider
an act to be obligatory (Wajib) while others consider it to be recommended
(Mustahab), he should perform it. Therefore, it is obligatory upon those
persons who are neither Mujta hids, nor able to act on precautionary
measures (Ihtiyat), to follow a Mujtahid.
2.
Taqlid in religious laws means acting according to the verdict of a Mujtahid.
It is necessary for the Mujtahid who is followed, to be male, Shi'ah Ithna
Ash'ari, adult, sane, of legitimate birth, living and just ('Adil). A person is
said to be just when he performs all those acts which are obligatory upon him,
and refrains from all those things which are forbidden to him. And the sign of
being just is that one is apparently of a good character, so that if enquiries
are made about him from the people of his locality, or from his neighbours, or
from those persons with whom he lives, they would confirm his good conduct. And
if one knows that the verdicts of the Mujtahids differ with regard to the
problems which we face in every day life, it is necessary t hat the Mujtahid
who is followed be A'lam (the most learned), who is more capable of
understanding the divine laws than any of the contemporary Mujtahids.
**Imam
Khomeini in the clarification of not so important religious laws says that
those duties which all the Muslims knows for example regarding Namaz, Roza,
Haj, Jehad etc.
TRADITION OF THE INFALLIBLES AS
1.
It is narrated to Imam Mohammad Baqir AS that “The Prophet SW said that whoever
wants to live like the Prophets and Die like the Martyrs and be placed in the
Heaven made by the Beneficent, It is
obligatory on him accept the Wilayath of Ali AS, love Him and do Taqleed (Follow)
of His descendant Imams. These are all my Household and created by my matter O
Allah please bestow them my knowledge and Understanding, and put their enemies
from the people in Hell. And O Allah do not allow these opponents of them my
Shifa’at.”
2.
It is the Saying of the Infallibles AS that “Shias are made of the same
virtuous matter as of us. Their matter is mixed with the water of Wilayath…..”.
Note:- Keep the above
Hadiths in mind and read the following Hadith, the meaning of Taqleed will be
known.
Imam Zamana ATF orders that
“In case you have any query refer to the narrator of our Hadiths, because they
are Hujjat on you and we are by Allah Hujjat on them…..”
Note:-
To Understand there are some questions to the Mujtahideen and the followers of
the Mujtahideen who are a black spot on the face of the shiism. Under the
chapter of Taqleed: which says “or if he is neither a Mujtahid nor a follower
(Muqallid), he should act on such precaution which should assure him that he
has fulfilled his religious obligation.”
1.
Is
Taqleed Obligatory or Optional? Because or will come when there are options
available.
2.
If
Taqleed is obligatory whose shall it be?
3.
What
is the meaning of “assure” and from where shall we get it?
- When a Mujtahid on some act
deduces from the religious sources and evidences, Why is that some
Mujtahid says that act as Halal and some Haram.
5.
What
is precaution and which Mujtahids name is the word precaution so that he can be
followed?
6.
Some
Mujtahid consider an act to be obligatory (Wajib) while others consider it to
be recommended (Mustahab), with what intentions (Niyat) the follower (mukallaf)
should perform it?
In the Chapter of Taqleed under the eligibilities of a
Mujtahid which are: It is necessary for the Mujtahid who is followed, to be
male, Shi'ah Ithna Ash'ari, adult, sane, of legitimate birth, living and just
('Adil). On which there are some questions:-
1.
Being
a Shia Ithna Ashari what is the condition of legitimate birth?
2.
What
is the meaning of legitimate birth?
Why the
condition of living?
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